Q:

Internal Balistics When fireing a 21 grain Kodiak pellet

Calculate the Mean Effective Barrel Pressure when firing a .22 cal 21grain pellet
From a 24 inch barrel, at 1000 Feet Per Second.

Pellet mass in kilograms: 21 gr = 0.001360777 kg

Average velocity of pellet (the pellet starts at zero velocity and ends at 1000 ft/sec as it travels down the barrel)= 1000 ft/sec divided by 2 = 500 ft/sec

Pellet transit time @ 500 ft/sec average velocity in a 24 inch barrel : 2ft barrel length divided by 500ft/sec = .004 seconds

The pellet transit time is the time it takes the pellet to go down the barrel.

Average pellet acceleration = 1000ft/sec divided by .004 seconds = 250000ft/sec squared

Convert above acceleration to metric: average acceleration = 76199.67 meters/sec squared

Newtons first law: Force = Mass times Acceleration F=MA

Average force on the pellet = pellet mass times average acceleration
F = 0.001360777 kg times 76199.67 meters/sec squared = 103 newtons force

Convert 103 Newtons force to pounds force = 23 pounds force

This means that the average force on the pellet, as it travels down the barrel is 23 pounds.

Now we calculate the Mean Effective Pressure to push this pellet:
Area of a .22 cal barrel : pie R squared

Area = .038 square inches

Pressure = force divided by area = 23 pounds divided by .038 inches squared = 605 PSI

All this math amounts to this:
In a 24 inch .22 cal barrel, fireing a 21 grain pellet at 1000 feet / second
1 The pellet transet time in the barrel is .004 seconds
2 The average force on the pellet, as it travels down the barrel is 23 pounds
3 The average pressure in the barrel is 605 PSI

IF ANYONE CARES!

I HAVE EXPLAINED ALL THIS TO MANY MANY SMALL ANAMALS, AND MOST OF THEM UNDERSTOOD PERFECTLY.

Mark

Mods/Machinists

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Viewing 8 replies - 1 through 8 (of 8 total)

quote walt_in_hawaii:

Pressures like this can’t be measured with a gauge. The spike in pressure happens so fast it would destroy any normal analog gauge, or else rise and then fall so quickly it cannot be captured by the gauge.

I’d bet NASA has something that would work just fine… 😉

I agree, Both of you guys are right.

I got an excel spreadsheet that calculates all this stuff.
I use it to predict performance of a new caliber or longer barrel or heavier bullet, etc

You gotta have Excel to run it

If anyone wants it just PM me with your email address.

Mark

I would think the pressure in the breech would be very much near the cylinder pressure. The only thing lowering the pressure would be the valve’s inability to transfer gas immediately from the cylinder to the breech space, thus acting as a sort of poor man’s regulator. I’m sure there would be a drop across this resistance, but I wouldn’t think it’d amount to very much.

Pressures like this can’t be measured with a gauge. The spike in pressure happens so fast it would destroy any normal analog gauge, or else rise and then fall so quickly it cannot be captured by the gauge. They use compressible semi solids and insert them into a plug which is removed and measured after the event against a known standard. In firearms you’ve seen the units CUP. “copper units of pressure”

aloha,
walt

quote MM123522:

acourvil:

I am sure you are right, but I cant figure a way to calculate the starting pressure.

Mark

maybe drill and tap the side of a spare breech for a mini gauge w/ “tattletale”? Would be tedious testing for sure……….the gauge would have to be removed to cock the gun then put back in before firing but it would only be for a few shots so maybe worth it to gain the info. The tattletale reading would be “peak” chamber pressure as opposed to “starting pressure” but it would give a good starting point as pressure should be declining once the pellet is in motion unless the valve open duration is very long.

Nice bunch of math BTW. Too deep for me. I would suspect avg pressure to be a little greater than calculated depending on coeffecient of friction between any given pellet and force needed to overcome the resistance of the rifling.

Sorry it posted two times. 😳

Mark it is 1,314 psi ❗

Just kidding, you lost me at 24 inch barrel

😆

acourvil:

I am sure you are right, but I cant figure a way to calculate the starting pressure.

Mark

If the average pressure is 605 psi, what is the starting pressure? I’m pretty sure it isn’t linear . . .

Viewing 8 replies - 1 through 8 (of 8 total)

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